噴霧干燥機的保養
1.石灰漿制備系統　　
　　石灰(hui)(hui)漿制(zhi)備(bei)系統主要由石灰(hui)(hui)儲(chu)料倉(cang)(cang)、倉(cang)(cang)頂除塵器、流化裝置(zhi)、石灰(hui)(hui)給料機、計量(liang)器、配漿槽、供漿槽等組成。　　
　　石(shi)灰（200目，80%含量）從廠外槽(cao)車(che)運來(lai)，儲(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)倉(cang)(cang)不(bu)設卸料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)裝置(zhi)，由(you)槽(cao)車(che)直接(jie)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)氣(qi)力輸送(song)至石(shi)灰儲(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)倉(cang)(cang)，儲(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)倉(cang)(cang)保(bao)證三套(tao)系統3天的(de)(de)用(yong)量，儲(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)倉(cang)(cang)容(rong)積為65m3；儲(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)倉(cang)(cang)內(nei)設有(you)導波雷(lei)達(da)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)位計，可監測儲(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)倉(cang)(cang)的(de)(de)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)位情況；儲(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)倉(cang)(cang)的(de)(de)倉(cang)(cang)頂設有(you)式除塵(chen)器(qi)，可收集粉塵(chen)；儲(chu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)倉(cang)(cang)灰斗(dou)壁設有(you)流化板(ban)(ban)，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)壓縮空氣(qi)進入流化板(ban)(ban)產生粉塵(chen)流化態,以防止粉塵(chen)搭橋；石(shi)灰粉通(tong)過(guo)(guo)給料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)機、計量器(qi)（可調速，調整CaO的(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)量）送(song)入配漿(jiang)(jiang)槽(cao)，在配漿(jiang)(jiang)池中加(jia)水(shui)攪拌配制成石(shi)灰乳液；濃(nong)度為10～15%（含固(gu)率(lv)）漿(jiang)(jiang)液溢流到供(gong)(gong)漿(jiang)(jiang)槽(cao)。供(gong)(gong)漿(jiang)(jiang)槽(cao)中的(de)(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)液由(you)石(shi)灰漿(jiang)(jiang)計量泵送(song)到反應塔的(de)(de)噴漿(jiang)(jiang)系統，供(gong)(gong)漿(jiang)(jiang)液量由(you)進引風(feng)機前的(de)(de)SO2監測濃(nong)度控制。　　
　　2.石灰(hui)漿(jiang)噴入系統　　
　　石灰漿噴入系統(tong)主要(yao)由(you)計量、噴嘴、壓縮空氣及(ji)管道閥門等組(zu)成。　　
　　高溫(wen)(wen)尾(wei)氣(qi)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)反(fan)(fan)應塔(ta)后(hou)，利用雙流體(ti)霧(wu)(wu)化(hua)噴(pen)咀在反(fan)(fan)應塔(ta)內增濕(shi)霧(wu)(wu)化(hua)，調整尾(wei)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，同時對尾(wei)氣(qi)增濕(shi)，使石(shi)灰霧(wu)(wu)滴(di)(di)與酸性氣(qi)體(ti)充分接觸(chu)反(fan)(fan)應。噴(pen)入(ru)(ru)的液(ye)(ye)滴(di)(di)在瞬間蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)，煙(yan)氣(qi)降至反(fan)(fan)應溫(wen)(wen)度(du)。同時液(ye)(ye)滴(di)(di)與粉塵碰撞，當外表面水(shui)份蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)后(hou)，表面出現(xian)顯著固(gu)態物質，干燥速率下(xia)降，液(ye)(ye)滴(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)逐漸升高并接近煙(yan)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，最后(hou)水(shui)分蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)殆盡，形成固(gu)態顆粒而從煙(yan)氣(qi)中分離。　　
　　3.活(huo)性碳(tan)噴入(ru)系統　　
　　為了更有效地(di)去除(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)及二惡英，在反(fan)應(ying)塔出口煙道(dao)設置活(huo)性(xing)碳噴入(ru)口,系統由活(huo)性(xing)碳加料(liao)裝置與可(ke)調給料(liao)機(ji)組成，并通過可(ke)調給料(liao)機(ji)實現對噴入(ru)量的控制(zhi)，將活(huo)性(xing)碳噴入(ru)反(fan)應(ying)塔前的行氣(qi)管道(dao)內(nei)，吸附尾氣(qi)內(nei)的二惡英及重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)等有毒危(wei)險物，保證二惡英及重(zhong)(zhong)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)的排放(fang)濃度達(da)到排放(fang)標準。　　
　　4.脫(tuo)酸系統　　
　　脫配系統(tong)主要由反應塔、塔底排(pai)灰(hui)機、石灰(hui)干(gan)粉噴入裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等組成。　　
　　焚燒(shao)爐出口含酸(suan)性(xing)氣體(ti)的(de)(de)尾氣進(jin)入反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)塔(ta)進(jin)行脫酸(suan)處理。在(zai)(zai)(zai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)塔(ta)中由計量輸入脫酸(suan)用石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)漿(jiang)液，通過(guo)固(gu)定噴頭在(zai)(zai)(zai)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)氣噴吹(chui)下，石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)漿(jiang)液霧(wu)化粒(li)徑150～200μm左右的(de)(de)霧(wu)滴，并同時與(yu)酸(suan)性(xing)氣體(ti)充分(fen)(fen)接觸(chu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)行化學(xue)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)后去除(chu)煙氣中絕大(da)多數(shu)的(de)(de)酸(suan)性(xing)氣體(ti)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)塔(ta)內，反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)中的(de)(de)煙氣及反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)后的(de)(de)霧(wu)滴呈下降氣流沉(chen)降，在(zai)(zai)(zai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)過(guo)程中，霧(wu)滴吸收煙氣中的(de)(de)熱量不斷蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)水分(fen)(fen)，得以在(zai)(zai)(zai)煙氣排(pai)出反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)塔(ta)前煙氣所含水份充分(fen)(fen)蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)塔(ta)底排(pai)出灰(hui)(hui)渣為(wei)干燥的(de)(de)粉(fen)塵。　　
　　石灰干粉噴(pen)入裝置(zhi)　　
　　為避免焚(fen)燒爐在(zai)開爐、停爐或運行中不正常(chang)的(de)工況下(xia)排(pai)煙溫度過低引起(qi)的(de)除塵(chen)器布袋結露的(de)出(chu)現(xian),設有Ca（OH）2干粉噴入系統,在(zai)通過進反應塔(ta)前的(de)尾氣管(guan)道(dao)內噴入Ca（OH）2干粉,達到輔助脫(tuo)酸的(de)作用。　　
　　5.回風系統　　
　　采用循(xun)環(huan)風機將已凈化的尾氣(qi)回通(tong)過環(huan)壁噴(pen)射裝置噴(pen)入反應塔(ta)(ta)，使其在塔(ta)(ta)壁表面形(xing)成一層空氣(qi)幕保護塔(ta)(ta)身，以防濕壁。　
　　6.粉(fen)塵收集系(xi)統(tong)　　
　　粉(fen)塵收集系統主要由袋式除塵器、風(feng)機等組成。　　
　　袋(dai)式(shi)除塵器(qi)(qi)主要用來(lai)收集反(fan)(fan)應后(hou)(hou)尾(wei)氣(qi)中的固體(ti)(ti)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)，從反(fan)(fan)應塔出來(lai)夾帶有(you)飛灰(hui)、石灰(hui)等顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)的尾(wei)氣(qi)進(jin)入袋(dai)式(shi)除塵器(qi)(qi)內。由于部分未反(fan)(fan)應的石灰(hui)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)吸附在(zai)濾袋(dai)表面相(xiang)當于固定床反(fan)(fan)應器(qi)(qi)，尾(wei)氣(qi)中的酸性氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)在(zai)濾袋(dai)表面完(wan)成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)一次脫酸反(fan)(fan)應后(hou)(hou)排空。　　
　　7.廢渣(zha)排出系統(tong)　　
　　廢渣系統主要由廢渣庫(ku)(ku)、庫(ku)(ku)頂(ding)除塵器、輸(shu)送設(she)備(bei)、倉(cang)泵、卸(xie)灰機等組成。　　
　　反應塔底部排(pai)出的(de)粉塵(chen)、袋式除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)收集下(xia)來的(de)粉塵(chen)通過倉泵輸送到廢(fei)(fei)渣庫(ku)中，輸送能力(li)按實際灰(hui)量的(de)150%設計，廢(fei)(fei)渣庫(ku)容積150m3，按2天(tian)貯存量設計。　　
　　8.控制系(xi)統　　
　　尾氣(qi)脫酸裝(zhuang)置的自動(dong)監測與控(kong)制(zhi)采(cai)用計算器自動(dong)監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)。能對尾氣(qi)處理裝(zhuang)置實行順(shun)序自動(dong)啟停，運行參數自動(dong)檢測和(he)儲存，關鍵(jian)參數實行自動(dong)調節，使尾氣(qi)處理裝(zhuang)置實現自動(dong)化控(kong)制(zhi)。　　
　　整個煙氣凈(jing)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)計算機(ji)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)采(cai)用(yong)集(ji)散型控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)結構。首先由(you)現(xian)場監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)單元對(dui)各(ge)工(gong)(gong)藝點的(de)(de)當前工(gong)(gong)藝情況(kuang)，獨立(li)地進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)實時(shi)在(zai)線(xian)監(jian)(jian)測及(ji)遠程操作，同(tong)時(shi)又與(yu)其相(xiang)應的(de)(de)上(shang)位(wei)過(guo)(guo)程控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)PLC進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)信(xin)息交流,以(yi)保證上(shang)位(wei)過(guo)(guo)程控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)裝置(zhi)對(dui)相(xiang)應工(gong)(gong)藝的(de)(de)信(xin)息進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)采(cai)集(ji)和處理(li)，以(yi)實現(xian)上(shang)位(wei)工(gong)(gong)業控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)計算機(ji)的(de)(de)各(ge)項監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)要(yao)求。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)采(cai)用(yong)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)量調(diao)節與(yu)開關(guan)量控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，本工(gong)(gong)程以(yi)PLC作為控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)核心，工(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)為監(jian)(jian)視管理(li)中(zhong)心，其中(zhong)包(bao)括數(shu)據采(cai)集(ji)和處理(li)（DAS）、模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)量控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)（MCS）、順序(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)（SCS）。在(zai)正常工(gong)(gong)作情況(kuang)下由(you)PLC站(zhan)來實現(xian)對(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，當自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)式出現(xian)故(gu)障或例(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)修(xiu)時(shi)可(ke)無擾(rao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)地切換到手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)(mo)式實現(xian)對(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設備的(de)(de)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)具有(you)雙重控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)能，提高了(le)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性和安全性。同(tong)時(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)PLC將數(shu)據通(tong)訊網絡和主(zhu)站(zhan)上(shang)位(wei)中(zhong)央控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)業計算機(ji)相(xiang)聯(lian)。現(xian)場工(gong)(gong)程師站(zhan)和上(shang)位(wei)機(ji)除了(le)完成(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)整定、組(zu)態、數(shu)據處理(li)、通(tong)訊傳輸、軟件維(wei)護外，再(zai)配置(zhi)CRT、鍵盤、打(da)印機(ji)及(ji)很好(hao)的(de)(de)人機(ji)界面，由(you)此組(zu)成(cheng)一套具有(you)數(shu)據采(cai)集(ji)、處理(li)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、顯示(shi)、打(da)印等功(gong)能完整的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業集(ji)散控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。　　
小型噴霧干燥機(ji)清(qing)洗(xi)介紹如下：
　1.干洗：用刷子、吸塵(chen)器(qi)清(qing)掃(sao)(適用于小型噴霧干燥機)。
　2.濕(shi)洗(xi)：用60~80℃的熱水進行清洗(xi)。
　3.化(hua)學洗(xi)(xi)(xi)：用堿液(ye)(ye)、酸液(ye)(ye)和(he)各種(zhong)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)劑清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)。其(qi)中，酸洗(xi)(xi)(xi)：將(jiang)HNO3配成(cheng)1~2%濃度(du)的(de)溶液(ye)(ye)，加熱(re)溫(wen)度(du)不超過(guo)(guo)65℃進行(xing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)，然(ran)(ran)后用水(shui)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)；堿洗(xi)(xi)(xi)：將(jiang)NaOH配成(cheng)0.5~1%濃度(du)的(de)溶液(ye)(ye)，加熱(re)溫(wen)度(du)不超過(guo)(guo)65℃進行(xing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)，然(ran)(ran)后用清(qing)(qing)水(shui)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)。
4.當進行濕洗(xi)和(he)化學洗(xi)滌后，應將設備和(he)各部件(jian)安裝好(hao)，進行高溫消毒，時間(jian)15~30min。
　5.在小型噴霧干燥機清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時，注(zhu)意(yi)不能用氯及其(qi)化合物洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)過濾器的(de)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，應(ying)按周(zhou)圍環境條件，即空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)含塵量(liang)的(de)高低而定，一(yi)般(ban)含量(liang)高的(de)3~6星(xing)期(qi)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)次，含塵量(liang)低的(de)6~8星(xing)期(qi)清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)一(yi)次。其(qi)中的(de)不銹鋼細絲，用堿洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)法洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌后，仍應(ying)均勻地敷設到空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)過濾器的(de)框架內，并噴以輕質錠子油或(huo)真空(kong)(kong)泵油。在清洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時，如果是玻璃(li)干燥塔(ta)請(qing)注(zhu)意(yi)避免碰(peng)撞(zhuang)。