實驗室真空噴霧干燥機抽真空步驟及注意事項
字號：T|T
文章來源：編輯：qiaoyue時間：2019-06-24 09:29:32
實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室真(zhen)空(kong)噴霧干燥機(ji)專(zhuan)為(wei)熱敏物(wu)(wu)料(liao)精心開發(fa)而成，整(zheng)機(ji)設(she)計緊湊，自(zi)(zi)成一體(ti)，無需(xu)其他設(she)施(shi)即(ji)可運(yun)行。一鍵(jian)式開機(ji)，彩色大液(ye)晶觸摸(mo)屏(ping)操(cao)作，可采用完全(quan)(quan)自(zi)(zi)動或人(ren)工監(jian)控(kong)(kong)兩種運(yun)行模式，方(fang)便(bian)操(cao)作和實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程的(de)(de)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)，特別是實(shi)(shi)現了低溫條件（50 ℃）物(wu)(wu)料(liao)的(de)(de)瞬間(jian)干燥，為(wei)熱敏物(wu)(wu)料(liao)提(ti)供了方(fang)便(bian)安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)干燥方(fang)法，如(ru)酶(mei)制(zhi)劑活菌等生物(wu)(wu)制(zhi)品，含糖量高(gao)的(de)(de)中藥天然產物(wu)(wu)提(ti)取(qu)物(wu)(wu)，不耐熱的(de)(de)高(gao)分(fen)子材(cai)料(liao)，遇熱氣化的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)等等。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的內容主要包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)器件(jian)(jian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)及(ji)其系(xi)統(tong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)器件(jian)(jian)以半導體為(wei)基(ji)(ji)本材料，常(chang)用(yong)的材料為(wei)單晶硅(gui)；它的理論基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)為(wei)半導體物理學；它的工藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)為(wei)半導體器件(jian)(jian)工藝。近(jin)代新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)器件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)大(da)(da)量應(ying)(ying)用(yong)了(le)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)吸收了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學的理論基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，根據器件(jian)(jian)的特點(dian)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)換(huan)的要求，又開發出許多電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)還包括(kuo)各種控制、觸(chu)發、保護、顯示、信息處理、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接觸(chu)等(deng)(deng)二次回路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)及(ji)外圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。利用(yong)這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，根據應(ying)(ying)用(yong)對(dui)象(xiang)的不同，組(zu)成了(le)各種用(yong)途的整(zheng)機，稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。這些裝(zhuang)置(zhi)常(chang)與負載、配套設備等(deng)(deng)組(zu)成一個系(xi)統(tong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)學、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工學、自(zi)動控制、信號檢(jian)測(ce)處理等(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)常(chang)在這些裝(zhuang)置(zhi)及(ji)其系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)大(da)(da)量應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。
根據(ju)使用的范圍和(he)抽(chou)氣效能可將真空泵分為三類：
(1) 一(yi)般水泵，壓強可達到1.333~ 100kPa (10~760mmHg)為“粗(cu)”真空。
(2) 油泵，壓強可達(da)0.133~133.3 Pa(0.001~1mmHg)為“次高(gao)”真(zhen)空。
(3) 擴散泵(beng)，壓強(qiang)可(ke)達(da)0.133 Pa以(yi)下(xia)，(10-3 mmHg)為(wei)“高”真空。
在(zai)有機化(hua)學實(shi)驗室里常用的(de)減壓泵有水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵和(he)油泵兩種，若不要求很低的(de)壓力(li)時(shi)(shi)，可用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵，如(ru)果水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵的(de)構(gou)造好且水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓又高，抽(chou)空效率可達1067~3333 Pa (8~25mmHg)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵所能抽(chou)到(dao)的(de)最低壓力(li)理論上相當于(yu)當時(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫下的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)壓力(li)。例如(ru)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫25℃、20℃、10℃時(shi)(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸氣(qi)的(de)壓力(li)分別為3192、2394、1197Pa(8-25mmHg)。用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵抽(chou)氣(qi)時(shi)(shi)，應在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵前裝上安(an)全瓶，以防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓下降，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)倒吸；停(ting)止抽(chou)氣(qi)前，應先放氣(qi)，然(ran)后(hou)關(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵。
若(ruo)要(yao)較低(di)的壓力(li)，那就要(yao)用到(dao)油(you)(you)泵(beng)了，好的油(you)(you)泵(beng)能抽(chou)到(dao)133.3Pa（1mmHg）以下(xia)。油(you)(you)泵(beng)的好壞(huai)決定于其(qi)機(ji)械結(jie)構和(he)油(you)(you)的質量(liang)，使用油(you)(you)泵(beng)時(shi)(shi)必(bi)須(xu)把它保護好。如(ru)果(guo)蒸餾(liu)揮發(fa)性較大的有(you)機(ji)溶劑時(shi)(shi)，有(you)機(ji)溶劑會被油(you)(you)吸收結(jie)果(guo)增加(jia)了蒸氣(qi)壓，從而降低(di)了抽(chou)空效能，如(ru)果(guo)是酸性氣(qi)體，那就會腐蝕油(you)(you)泵(beng)，如(ru)果(guo)是水(shui)蒸氣(qi)就會使油(you)(you)成乳濁液而抽(chou)壞(huai)真(zhen)空泵(beng)。因此使用油(you)(you)泵(beng)時(shi)(shi)必(bi)須(xu)注(zhu)意下(xia)列幾點：
在蒸餾系統(tong)和油泵(beng)之間，必須裝(zhuang)有吸收裝(zhuang)置。
蒸餾前必須用(yong)水泵徹底抽去系(xi)統(tong)中有機溶劑的蒸氣。
如(ru)能用(yong)水泵(beng)抽氣的(de)，則盡量(liang)用(yong)水泵(beng)，如(ru)蒸餾物質(zhi)中含(han)有揮(hui)發性物質(zhi)，可(ke)先用(yong)水泵(beng)減壓(ya)抽降，然后改用(yong)油泵(beng)。
減壓(ya)系(xi)統必須保持密不漏氣(qi)，所有的(de)橡(xiang)皮塞的(de)大小和孔道(dao)要合適，橡(xiang)皮管(guan)要用真空(kong)(kong)用的(de)橡(xiang)皮管(guan)。磨口玻璃涂上真空(kong)(kong)油脂。
噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)干燥(zao)(zao)整個實驗過程在真空環境里完成，降低了物(wu)料(liao)干燥(zao)(zao)溫度，解(jie)決了熱敏性物(wu)料(liao)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)干燥(zao)(zao)的難題。
噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)干燥(zao)(zao)整個實驗過程在真空環境里完成，降低了物(wu)料(liao)干燥(zao)(zao)溫度，解(jie)決了熱敏性物(wu)料(liao)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)干燥(zao)(zao)的難題。
實驗室真空噴霧干燥(zao)機抽真空步驟及注意事項
首先檢查真空(kong)容器所處狀態，處于(yu)真空(kong)下(xia)或者(zhe)處于(yu)大(da)氣(qi)中。決定了兩種(zhong)啟(qi)動真空(kong)設備的(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)：第(di)一種(zhong)，真空(kong)下(xia)操作(zuo)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)。第(di)二種(zhong)，大(da)氣(qi)狀態下(xia)操作(zuo)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)。注意：第(di)一次(ci)啟(qi)動要先打開(kai)ESP—A總控電(dian)源，總控電(dian)源上面(mian)三(san)個燈表示三(san)相(xiang)電(dian)，三(san)燈全亮表示正常。
1、如(ru)果容器處于低(di)真空(kong)狀態(tai)下，不能(neng)立即打(da)(da)(da)開(kai)閘(zha)板(ban)閥(fa)以免(mian)引起真空(kong)油的(de)回流。正確的(de)操作步(bu)驟(zou)是(shi)先(xian)打(da)(da)(da)開(kai)水龍(long)頭，然(ran)后打(da)(da)(da)開(kai)機械(xie)泵(beng)(注：按(an)(an)下機械(xie)泵(beng)的(de)啟(qi)動(dong)鍵)，同(tong)時打(da)(da)(da)開(kai)ZDF—IV真空(kong)計電(dian)源，觀察(cha)真空(kong)計讀數(shu)到達30Pa左右(you)時，再打(da)(da)(da)開(kai)分子(zi)泵(beng)(注：先(xian)按(an)(an)下FDK—600K總電(dian)源，然(ran)后按(an)(an)下啟(qi)動(dong)鍵)，看到分子(zi)泵(beng)的(de)工作頻(pin)率達到50Hz左右(you)時方(fang)可(ke)打(da)(da)(da)開(kai)閘(zha)板(ban)閥(fa)。
2、如(ru)果容(rong)器處于大氣(qi)(qi)下，首(shou)先要做(zuo)的是檢(jian)查大漏(lou)，即(ji)關閉容(rong)器大門和(he)放氣(qi)(qi)閥(fa)。然(ran)后(hou)打開(kai)(kai)水龍頭，閘板閥(fa)，機械(xie)泵(beng)，ZDF—IV真(zhen)空計(ji)電(dian)源，觀(guan)察真(zhen)空計(ji)讀數到達30Pa左右時(shi)，再打開(kai)(kai)分子泵(beng)(注：先按(an)下FDK—600K總電(dian)源，然(ran)后(hou)按(an)下啟(qi)動鍵)。
3、等到分子泵(beng)正常工(gong)作后(工(gong)作頻率穩(wen)定(ding)在450Hz)，按下真(zhen)空計中電離計單元的啟動鍵對真(zhen)空度進行觀測。
4、在真空達到(dao) Pa時(shi)可以打開離子(zi)(zi)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)，此時(shi)先關閉分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)處的閘板閥，但不要關閉分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)，等到(dao)離子(zi)(zi)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)的電壓達到(dao)4000V時(shi)(離子(zi)(zi)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)穩(wen)定工作后)再關掉分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)，機械泵(beng)(beng)(beng)。
5、如果不需要維持(chi)真空時(shi)，先關(guan)掉真空計(ji)電源，后只需要把(ba)離(li)子(zi)泵的閘板閥(fa)關(guan)閉(bi)即(ji)可，不關(guan)閉(bi)離(li)子(zi)泵，而是讓(rang)離(li)子(zi)泵處于工作狀態保持(chi)其內部(bu)環境。
電子(zi)(zi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)是根(gen)據電子(zi)(zi)學(xue)的原理，運用電子(zi)(zi)器件設計和制(zhi)造某種(zhong)特(te)定功(gong)能(neng)的電路以解(jie)決實際問題的科(ke)學(xue)，包括信息電子(zi)(zi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和電力(li)電子(zi)(zi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)兩大分支。
